Dynamic updates:
When a user interacts with an SPA (like clicking a link), the application fetches new data from the server using AJAX and updates the relevant parts of the existing page in the browser without reloading the entire page.

Client-side rendering:
Most of the application logic and rendering happens in the user's browser using JavaScript, rather than on the server.
 
Benefits:

Faster user experience: Minimal page reloads lead to a smoother and more responsive feel.

Rich interactions: Enables complex interactions and animations within the application

Drawbacks:

SEO challenges: Search engines might have difficulty crawling and indexing SPA content

Initial load time: The initial load of an SPA can be slightly slower than a traditional multi-page website, depending on the application size